RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STATISTICS

• Research:
a) Meaning,
b) Definition,
c) Methodology,
d) Research process, Criterion of good research
• Types of Research:
a) Fundamental or Basic
b) Applied
c) Historical, Descriptive
d) Analytical quantitative
e) Qualitative
f) Conceptual Experimental
g) Case study
• Research Design
a) Meaning
b) Concepts, need
c) Designs for different types of research; library
d) Laboratory and field research; Advantages of Designing Research
• Research Problem and Developing Research proposal:
a) Selection of research area and topic
b) statement of the research problem, its scope
c) Steps involved in defining the problem.
• Literature Search:
a) Reviewing related literature
b) Referencing, abstracting
c) Computer search
d) Bibliography
e) Evaluation of the problem
• Defining concepts:
a) Objectives
b) Basic assumptions
c) Delimitations and limitations of the problem
d) Statement of Hypothesis

• Variables:
a) Independent and dependent variables
b) Qualitative and quantitative variables
c) Discrete and continuous variables
d) Confounding variables
e) Methods of controlling variables
f) Measurement of variables.
• Sampling:
a) Meaning
b) Characteristics of a good sample design
c) Steps in sampling design
d) Types
e) Advantages
• Techniques of Data Collection:
a) Primary data; Questionnaire
b) Schedules
c) Interview observation & other methods
d) Secondary data
e) Reliability
f) Suitability & Adequacy of data.
• Processing and Analysis of Data:
a) Processing Operations
b) Editing
c) Coding,
d) Classification and tabulation of data
e) Elements of Data Analysis Role of statistics in Data Analysis
f) Statistical Tables
• Report writing:
a) Types
b) Format of writing the report

• Probability:
a) Probability
b) Basic Aspects
c) Probability of combination of events
d) Probability of random variables
e) Distribution of random variable
f)
• Statistical Methods:
a) Measures of Central tendency- Mean,
b) Median, Mode
c) Arithmetic
d) Geometric and Harmonic mean.
• Common Distribution functions:
a) Binomial probability distribution
b) Poisson distribution and normal distribution curve.
• Measures of Dispersion:
a) Range
b) Mean Deviation
c) Variance
d) Standard Deviation
e) Coefficient of variation
• Regression and Correlation:
a) Least square method of fitting a regression line
b) Curvilinear regression
c) Correlation methods
d) Correlation coefficient.

• Sampling Distribution and Standard Error:
a) Elements of Testing a Statistical Hypothesis
b) Formulation of the problem, Types of errors
c) Level of significance
d) Large sample tests for proportions
e) Single mean and difference in two means.
• Small sample tests:
a) Application of t- test for testing the significance of single mean & difference in two means (independent and paired-t).
• Chi-square test for testing normal population variance:
a) Test for goodness of fit
b) Independence of attributes using 2x2 and rx c contingency tables.
• Definitions of F test
a) Application of F test for testing of equality of two variances.

Experimental design:
a) Completer random design
b) Random Block Design
c) Latin square design
• Analysis of Variance:
a) Concept
b) Assumptions
c) Basic idea of one way and two way classification with simple questions.