Carbohydrates                                                                                                                  12 Hrs

• Classification, Monosaccharides – Fischer’s structure of aldoses and ketoses, ring structure of sugars, anomers and epimers, oxidation of sugars, reduction of sugars, reducing properties of sugars, formation of disaccharides, reducing and non-reducing disaccharides, Polysaccharides – homo and heteropolysaccharides.

Lipids

• Classification, structures and functions of lipids, Properties of Lipids –Physical and Chemical

• Structure and classification, peptide linkage, zwitter ion, Ninhydrin test, Sangers test
• Protein structure – Levels of organization – primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure;
• Denaturation of proteins.
• Enzyme and Concept of Lock & Key and Induced Fit Theory.

Food packaging                                

• Packaging: concept, significance and function
• Classification of packaging materials (flexible packages, rigid packages and retail or shipping containers)
• Interactions between packing and food (toxicity hazards),
• Biodegradable materials and environmental issues.

• Motorized equipments: Vacuum cleaners, Clothes washing machine, Food processors.              
•  Heating appliances: Electric irons, Electric water heaters.
•  Solar Energy and its applications. 
• Cooling appliances: Refrigeration and air conditioning, Various types of Refrigerators, air conditioners and air coolers.
• Guarantee and warranty of all household equipments, Precautions while using equipments and servicing of equipment used. 

• Generation and efficient transmission of electricity.
• Safety features in household electric wiring – fuse, MCB, Earthing, 
• Lighting fixtures in the home – Incandesent lamp, Fluorescent tube, CFL, LED, Halogen  lamp.  

Sound and Light                 

• Knowledge of sound, echo and their uses.
•  Lenses- convex and concave, focal length, aperture, aberrations
•  Elementary knowledge of Radio- AM and FM.

• Semi Conductors – Concept of Transistor and its applications   
• Geostationary satellites (definition and application)
• Radioactivity – concept and application, Nuclear Energy.
•  Concept of Laser and its applications.  

 Biophysical Techniques                   

• Basic principles of electromagnetic radiation: Energy, wavelength, wave numbers and frequency.
• Basic Knowledge of: X-Rays
• Harmful effect of radiations.